Natural Compounds Isolated from African Mistletoes (Loranthaceae) Exert Anti-Inflammatory and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potentials: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Despite the medicinal uses of Phragmanthera capitata, Globimetula dinklagei and Tapinanthus bangwensis against memory loss, convulsions pain, their efficacy brain-dysfunction diseases inflammation models has not yet been studied. Therefore, this study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potentials crude extracts isolated natural compounds by combining in vitro silico experiments. Crude were tested for AChE activity using Ellman’s method. Additionally, was determined evaluating nitric oxide (NO) production lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) ferrous oxidation xylenol orange assay. Furthermore, investigated ten putative target enzymes relevant Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis inflammation. It found that had weak moderate potential AChE, with extract T. being most active (50% concentration (IC50) = 48.97 µg/mL). Six compounds, namely, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-hydroxy-α-amyrin (2), apigenin- 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), globimetulin B (5), C (6), bangwaursene (8) 3β-acetoxy-11,12-epoxytaraxerol (9), identified first time as having anti-AChE potential, among which (9) highest an IC50 13.89 µM. Among (5) also efficient NO 15-LOX, data are agreement docking score. In summary, prominent lead should be further experimentally molecular targets AD